In a society of high and increasing (51) ______, there are three (52) ______ tendencies as regards toil. As the production of goods comes to seem less urgent, and as individuals are less urgently in need of income for the purchase of goods, they will work (53) ______ hours or days in the week. Or they will work less (54) ______. Or, as a final possibility, it may be that fewer people will work all the time.

    A  reduction in the workweek is an (55) ______ plausible reaction to the declining marginal urgency of product. In the conventional wisdom, unfortunately, the reduction in hours has emerged as the only (56) ______ response to increasing affluence. This is at least (57) ______  so because the issue has never been faced in terms of the increasing unimportance of goods. Accordingly, though we have (58) ______ value to leisure, a ban still lies on other courses which seem to be more directly (59) ______ established attitudes on productive efficiency. In a society rationally concerned with its own happiness, these alternatives (60) ______  consideration.

   The present-day industrial establishment is a great distance removed from that of the last century or even 25 years ago. This (61) ______ has been the result of a variety of forces -- government standards and factory inspection, general technological and architectural advances, the fact that productivity could often be increased by (62) ______ heavy or (63) ______ labor , the need to compete for a labor force, and union (64) ______ to improve working conditions in addition to wages and hours.

    However, except where the improvement contributed to increased productivity, the effort to make work more pleasant has had to (65) ______. It was permissible to seek the elimination of the hazardous, unsanitary, unhealthful, or otherwise (66) ______ conditions of work. The speed-up might be resisted -- (67) ______; But the test was not what was agreeable but what was unhealthful or, (68) ______, excessively fatiguing. The trend toward increased leisure is not reprehensible, but we resist vigorously the notion that a man should work less hard while on a job. Here, older attitudes are involved. We are (69) ______ suspicious of any tendency to expend less than the maximum effort, for top effort has long been a (70) ______ economic virtue.

51. A. affluence   B. poor  C. affluent    D. poverty

52. A.plaudit  B. plausible  C. plastic  D. platform

53. A. few  B.little  C. fewer  D. worse

54. A. hardly  B. hardy   C. hard-working   D. hard

55. A. exceedingly   B. excessively  C.  excel  D. surpassingly

56. A. legal    B. legitimate   C. constitutional  D. lawful

57. A. for its’ part    B. partly    C. on the part of it  D. for the most part

58. A. impute  B. attributed  C. credit   D. contribute

59. A. conflict with   B. in conflict with   C. in conflict to  D. conflict to

60. A. put in a strong claim for    B. lay claim to  

C. enter a strong claim for     D. have a strong claim to

61. A. increase  B.rise   C. improvement   D. raise

62. A. replacing machine power for     B. substituting machine power with

C. substituting machine power as    D. substituting machine power for

63. A. repetitive mantle   B. repetitive manual   C. repetitive mental   D. repetitive menial

64. A.interruption   B.interceding   C. interference   D. intervention

65. A. support the proof            B.put the burden to proof  

C. support  a large burden of proof      D. proof against

66. A. objective   B. unobserved   C. objectionable   D. unofficial

67. A. in point  B. at all points  C. to a point   D. on points

68. A. at a minimum    B. at a maximum   C. for a minimum  D. for a maximum

69. A. gravely  B. sincerely  C. earnestly   D. seriously

70. A. prime   B. primitive  C. early stage  D. coarse

KEY：A B C D A B B B B D C D B D C C C A A A